_From one of the leading historians of Christianity comes this sweeping reassessment of religious freedom, from the church fathers to John Locke_ In the ancient world Christian apologists wrote in defense of their right to practice their faith in the cities of the Roman Empire. They argued that religious faith is an inward disposition of the mind and heart and cannot be coerced by external force, laying a foundation on which later generations would build. Chronicling the history of the struggle (...) for religious freedom from the early Christian movement through the seventeenth century, Robert Louis Wilken shows that the origins of religious freedom and liberty of conscience are religious, not political, in origin. They took form before the Enlightenment through the labors of men and women of faith who believed there could be no justice in society without liberty in the things of God. This provocative book, drawing on writings from the early Church as well as the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, reminds us of how “the meditations of the past were fitted to affairs of a later day.”. (shrink)

XXXIV. Zeus Thallos. Aux documents cités BCH 1983, s'ajoute une plaque du musée de Kütahya, représentant le dédicant avec deux chevaux. XXXV. Retour à Pergame. 1. Le décret de Pergame pour Attale III. Suite (cf. BCH 1984) de l'étude du décret OGI 332. Les honneurs accordés au roi, une couronne d'or comme «prix de la valeur», une statue équestre, la statue de culte comme parèdre d'Asclépios, ne sont pas des honneurs exorbitants, trahissant un abâtardissement oriental, mais les honneurs courants dans (...) ces circonstances. Il en va de même pour les prescriptions sur l'organisation et le déroulement de la fête d'entrée du roi dans la ville. 2. Strabon et la katoikia de Pergame. Comme dans l'ensemble de l'œuvre de Strabon, le mot katoikia appliqué à Pergame, désigne l'agglomération et non une prétendue colonie militaire. (shrink)

Against these are set pieces that argue anarchisms impossibility and estimate its relevance to social change.The debate format of Anarchism introduces the ...

Depuis la publication des Sources chrétiennes et les travaux d'H. de Lubac, l'herméneutique biblique a fait de grand progrès. Une lecture purement littérale ou historique doit être dépassée. La tradition chrétienne appliquait l'allégorie à l'Ancien Testament, conformément à la pratique de s. Paul, non pas au Nouveau. Certes, les textes ont un sens littéral propre, mais les conditions nouvelles d'existence en Christ imposent de les entendre de manière neuve, surtout dans la liturgie et la catéchèse. Par ailleurs, ils offrent de (...) quoi ouvrir à la compréhension du mystère chrétien. L'allégorie résiste ainsi à la tyrannie de l'historicisme, sans manquer pour autant de réalisme. (shrink)

'An extremely useful collection of the early evidence for writers of 'myth as history' -D. Felton, Bryn Mawr Classical ReviewThis is the first volume in a set of two. Volume 1 introduces and collects together the scattered quotations of the Greek writers of the sixth to the fourth centuries BC who first recorded in prose the tales of Greek mythology, whilst Volume 2 will be a scholarly commentary.

Ce décret de Colophon fut trouvé à Claros en deux campagnes de fouilles différentes : la stèle elle-même en 1961, en 1953 le couronnement en deux fragments orné d'une couronne entre deux trépieds. Il honore un chresmologue de Smyrne, un interprète des oracles, versé assurément dans la phraséologie des oracles et la versification, que la cité avait invité à présider l'oracle de Claros. On lui accorde une couronne d'or, le droit de cité à égalité avec les citoyens. Les deux mille (...) citoyens de l'assemblée ont voté oui à l'unanimité. (shrink)

A modified version of the mere exposure effect paradigm was utilized in an implicit artificial grammar learning task in an attempt to develop a procedure that would be more sensitive in assesing nonconscious learning processes than the methods currently utilized within the field of implicit learning. Subjects were presented with stimuli generated from a finite-state artificial grammar and then had to either decide if novel items conformed to the rule structure of the grammar or rate the degree to which they (...) liked novel items. Because the latter of the task was more indirect of the two procedures, subjects′ availability to discriminate between well-formed and ill-formed items on this liking task was taken as a more sensitive piece of evidence of implicit learning, compared to performance on the rule conformity task. A subsequent test of subjects′ explicit knowledge of the rules of the grammar showed that subjects do have some conscious knowledge of the artificial grammar, but subjects making liking decisions exhibited significantly less conscious rule knowledge than subjects initially making rule-conformity judgements. The findings are discussed in relation to synergistic relationships among implicit perception, implicit memory, and implicit learning proceses. (shrink)

In No Caption Needed, Robert Hariman and John Louis Lucaites provide the definitive study of the iconic photograph as a dynamic form of public art. Their critical analyses of nine individual icons explore the photographs themselves and their subsequent circulation through an astonishing array of media, including stamps, posters, billboards, editorial cartoons, TV shows, Web pages, tattoos, and more. Iconic images are revealed as models of visual eloquence, signposts for collective memory, means of persuasion across the political spectrum, (...) and a crucial resource for critical reflection. Arguing against the conventional belief that visual images short-circuit rational deliberation and radical critique, Hariman and Lucaites make a bold case for the value of visual imagery in a liberal-democratic society. No Caption Needed is a compelling demonstration of photojournalism’s vital contribution to public life. (shrink)

Louis Pojman and Robert Westmoreland have compiled the best material on the subject of equality, ranging from classical works by Aristotle, Hobbes and Rousseau to contemporary works by John Rawls, Thomas Nagel, Michael Walzer, Harry Frankfurt, Bernard Williams and Robert Nozick; and including such topics as: the concept of equality; equal opportunity; Welfare egalitarianism; resources; equal human rights and complex equality.

We dispute Penn et al.'s claim of the sharp functional discontinuity between humans and nonhumans with evidence in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) of higher-order generalizations: spontaneous integration of previously learned rules and concepts in response to novel stimuli. We propose that species-general explanations that are in approach are more plausible than Penn et al.'s innatist approach of a genetically prespecified supermodule.

This article focuses on a crucial development in genetic research that occurred in the 1990s: the identification of the first two of the genes responsible for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Issues addressed touch on the evolution of the subfield, its potential impact on cancer treatment, and industry involvement. The article follows the activities of the various research groups competing in the race to identify the genes and depicts the frequent conflicts between them. Data are derived chiefly from a bibliometric (...) database. The results show a diversity of research practices. Industrial researchers interacted within far more tightly knit networks than their counterparts working in public organizations. The patenting and commercial exploitation of results led to fierce battles, with one group capturing most of the benefits. (shrink)